利用SD型闪电频数识别高原雷雨云和冰雹云   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

黄彦彬  王振会 《南京气象学院学报》2001,24(2):275-280

分析了青海省西宁市和互助县两地的闪电频数资料，结果表明，在青海省人工防雹区山多，地形复杂的情况下，使用SD型闪电计数器可以识别饱点周围40km的雷雨云和冰雹云，当雷暴由山区向平地移动时，5min闪电频数不小于40次，可作为作用的指标，而雷暴从平面向山区移动时，作业指标不小于30次／(5min)，雷暴云闪电频数的升度大于10次（5min)也可以作为识别雷雨云和冰雹云的指标，但时效较短，利用ＳＤ型闪电频数识别高原雷雨云和冰雹云是一种简便，经济实用的手段，有助于没有雷达等观测设备的偏僻山区防雹作业。  相似文献   

Ethanol Production Using Corn,Switchgrass, and Wood; Biodiesel Production Using Soybean and Sunflower   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

David?PimentelEmail author  Tad?W.?Patzek 《Natural Resources Research》2005,14(1):65-76

Energy outputs from ethanol produced using corn, switchgrass, and wood biomass were each less than the respective fossil energy inputs. The same was true for producing biodiesel using soybeans and sunflower, however, the energy cost for producing soybean biodiesel was only slightly negative compared with ethanol production. Findings in terms of energy outputs compared with the energy inputs were: • Ethanol production using corn grain required 29% more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel produced. • Ethanol production using switchgrass required 50% more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel produced. • Ethanol production using wood biomass required 57% more fossil energy than the ethanol fuel produced. • Biodiesel production using soybean required 27% more fossil energy than the biodiesel fuel produced (Note, the energy yield from soy oil per hectare is far lower than the ethanol yield from corn). • Biodiesel production using sunflower required 118% more fossil energy than the biodiesel fuel produced.  相似文献   

上海3km数值预报系统数据传输与产品制作          下载免费PDF全文

顾建峰  王晓峰  王坚捍  陈家慧  郭敏 《大气科学学报》2004,27(1):90-96

在异地、异构的复杂网络结构中,采用防火墙的地址转换技术和传输过滤技术,实现了上海3km数值预报系统的数据安全传输。在数值预报产品制作中,运用VB语言制作"三定预报"图形,运用GrADS绘图软件制作形势预报图形,并将"三定预报"产品与采用GIS技术制作的上海地图相结合,实现了网站(网页)的调用形式。  相似文献   

MODELING OF INTERRILL EROSION IN THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA     

《国际泥沙研究》1999,(2)

IINTRODUCTIONTheinterrillerosiononafieldplotisaffectedbythekineticenergyoftherainfall,wind,topographyfactors,propertiesofsoilandthecanopy.Theinterrillerosionoccursasthefirstdropimpactsthehillslopes.Theinterrillerosionoccursinallkindsofrainfallandtheamountofthesplasherosion,whichisthemainpartofinterrillerosion,canaccountforagreatpanofthetotalerosionamountinaheavystorm(Baner1990,Glymph1957,QianandWan1986,Zhou1981).Therefore,itisveryimportanttorevealthemechanismtoestimatetheamountofinterri…  相似文献   

河北省地震局的投入与产出的分析     

刘书芹 《华南地震》1991,11(1):92-96

本文根据省级地震部门的工作任务和特点，从人、财、物、地震台网建设、观测质量、科研成果、人材培养等方面对河北省地震局自组建队伍以来的投入与产出作了较深入的统计、分析。认为该局基本上做到了人尽其才，物尽其用，财尽其力，但也走过弯路。  相似文献   

Kinetics of the reactions of hydroxyl radicals with alkyl nitrates and with some oxygen-containing organic compounds studied under simulated atmospheric conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Alistair Kerr  David W. Stocker 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1986,4(2):253-262

Rate constants have been measured for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals with alkyl nitrates and with some oxygen-containing organic compounds by a competitive technique. Mixtures of synthetic air containing a few ppm of nitrous acid, ethylene and the organic substrate were photolysed in a Teflon bag smog chamber. Based on the value k _HO+C2H₄}=8.1×10^-12 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1 the following rate constants were obtained for the hydroxyl radical reactions at 750 Torr and at 303 K in units of 10^-12 cm³ molecule^-1: CH₃ONO₂, 0.37±0.09; C₂H₅ONO₂, 0.48±0.20; n-C₃H₇ONO₂, 0.70±0.22; C₂H₅OH, 3.6±0.4; CH₃COCH₃, 0.26±0.08; CH₃CO₂ i-C₃H₇, 3.0±0.8; CH₃CO₂ n-C₃H₇, 2.4±0.2. The results are discussed in relation to the available literature data and the implications of the results are considered in terms of the smog reactivity of these molecules.  相似文献   

浅析制种玉米在实际生产中遇到的几个问题     

马燕马洪亮  高彦兵 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2005,28(3):19-19,21

结合制种玉米的气候适宜性特征，从农业气象学角度对实际生产中遇到的几个问题做出了客观分析并提出针对性的生产建议。  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中锗硒碲   总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

陈波  刘洪青  邢应香 《岩矿测试》2014,33(2):192-196

锗、硒、碲三个元素的分析需要分别采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-磷酸、硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸两种溶样体系,原子荧光光谱（AFS）、电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）两种仪器进行测定,对于大批量地质样品的分析成本高、测试效率低。本文建立了在同一份溶液中用ICP-MS同一种仪器测定锗、硒、碲三元素的方法。样品用硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸一种体系分解,试液以50%硝酸提取,3%乙醇定容,避免乙醇在复溶时的挥发损失,保证了试样溶液中的乙醇浓度均为最佳增敏作用所需值。试样分解过程中没有使用盐酸,避免了氯离子存在给锗、碲造成的损失。在3%硝酸-3%乙醇介质中硒、碲的灵敏度提高了2.2倍、3.7倍。同时克服了ICP-MS测定硒、碲难电离、灵敏度低的问题,保证了方法稳定性;CCT碰撞池技术消除了氩的多原子离子对硒测定干扰,提高了方法准确度。本方法通过分析国家一级标准物质进行验证,测定值与标准值基本一致,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=4）小于5%,样品前处理过程简单,分析效率高。  相似文献   

中国粮食主产区农业碳排强度估算及其分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

田云  张俊飚  李波 《地理科学进展》2012,31(11):1546-1551

粮食主产区在我国农业生产中具有举足轻重的地位,也是我国农业碳排放的主要来源.科学地把握当前我国粮食主产区农业碳排强度、区域差异及成因是合理构建农业碳减排政策体系、实现农业碳减排的重要前提.本文首先基于8 方面指标,运用主成分分析法对我国13 个粮食主产省(区)农业碳排强度进行测度,结果表明,湖南、山东、湖北农业碳排强度居前三位;吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古则位于后三位.在此基础上,构建农业碳排效应区域差异评价矩阵,对13 个地区进行聚类,结果显示,湖南、江西、河南、安徽4 省属于“高强度-低效益”地区;湖北、江苏、山东3 省属于“高强度-高效益”地区;四川、河北2 省属于“低强度-低效益”地区;黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古4 省区属于“低强度-高效益”地区.最后,基于研究结论展开讨论.  相似文献   

On the radiogenic heat production of igneous rocks     

D. Hasterok  J. Webb 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(5):919-940

Radiogenic heat production is a physical parameter crucial to properly estimating lithospheric temperatures and properly understanding processes related to the thermal evolution of the Earth. Yet heat production is, in general, poorly constrained by direct observation because the key radiogenic elements exist in trace amounts making them difficulty image geophysically. In this study, we advance our knowledge of heat production throughout the lithosphere by analyzing chemical analyses of 108,103 igneous rocks provided by a number of geochemical databases. We produce global estimates of the average and natural range for igneous rocks using common chemical classification systems. Heat production increases as a function of increasing felsic and alkali content with similar values for analogous plutonic and volcanic rocks. The logarithm of median heat production is negatively correlated(r~2=0.98)to compositionally-based estimates of seismic velocities between 6.0 and 7.4 km s~(-1), consistent with the vast majority of igneous rock compositions. Compositional variations for continent-wide models are also well-described by a log-linear correlation between heat production and seismic velocity. However, there are differences between the log-linear models for North America and Australia, that are consistent with interpretations from previous studies that suggest above average heat production across much of Australia. Similar log-linear models also perform well within individual geological provinces with~1000 samples. This correlation raises the prospect that this empirical method can be used to estimate average heat production and natural variance both laterally and vertically throughout the lithosphere. This correlative relationship occurs despite a direct causal relationship between these two parameters but probably arises from the process of differentiation through melting and crystallization.  相似文献